Electric-incandescent-lamp luminant and the process of manufacturing it.



No. 879,083. PATENTED FEB.11, 1908.' P. M. F. O AZlia. ELECTRIC INGANDESGENT LAMP LUMINANT AND THE PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING IT. APPLICATION FILED NOV. so, 1903.

- INVENTOH 170mm Mi. Caz 222.

ATTORNEYS a citizen of the United States, residin l in, an for the purpose that their contents Hudson county, State of New Jersey, have FRANCIS M. F. CAZIN, OF HOBOKEN, NEW JERSEY.

ELECTBIC-INCANDEBCENT-LAMB LUHINANT AND THE PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING IT.

'; if I Specification of Letters Patent.

Application flled November 30.1903. Serial No. 163.270.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANCIS M. F. CAZIN, at 1108 Bloomfield street, city of Hobo en,

invented an Improvement in Electric Incandescent Lamps, of which the following is a specification re ating to such lamps and the process of ma 'ng them. I

The special purpose of this present ap lication is of the same general character and in the same line of inventive evolution, as the applications were for the sixteen patents, issued to me under Nos. 523,460, 523,461, 566,285, 620,640, 621,291, 621,292, 640,366, 844,778, 835,938, 786,729, 772,215, 760,849,- 770,221, 770,222, 770,223, and 846,823, and as the ten other applications, yet pending, namelyNos.732,399, 6,061, 138,084, 170,940, 198,564, 210,720, 210,756, 220,819, and 225,347,'are. They all relate to improvements in electric incandescent. lamps as well as to the methods of their manufracture or to apparatuses used in and'for their manufacture. And my present special p ose is to secure 'atent on certain mo ifications in my sai inventions, which, although alluded to in some of myprior a plications, were not there s ecified explicit y enough and not disclose sufiicientl for formulating on the statements as made the proper claims for their protection by patent, or to secure patent for claims, which under then prevaihng rules, -were forced out 1 of their original a plication by oflicial demand for division. nd among these I have seleeted for this my present application those relating to theelectrolytic method of filament-manufacture in some of its manifold phases of appl the same, and. including the oxy enationo the sui'facametal-coati of such aments, all amounting to an actua (and not by name only) metallization of such filaments with the use preferably of the metals by me specified and enumerated in my cited Patents Nos. 835,938 and 844,778j

It is, on that account, that the disclosures and contents in all of the above-mentionedpatents and-applications are made a dpart of this ap lication, as if they were .copie theremay not legally be considered, called or treated as new matter as far as this application'is concerned, the being in fact matter, disclosed by this applicant and prior to the Patented Feb. '11, 1908.

time of formulatin this application by him to secure Letters atent therefor. And in special do I so embody in this application all t e contents of my prior application No. 3,061of Jan. 24, 1900, the invention and its specification, as therein treated, having been transferred to this application in response to ofiicial action in the said case.

And I refer to all. of the cited patentsand applications for all information required in e ucidating the functions of all parts used in my improved electric incandescent lam s in connection with my improved meta 'zed (in fact and not in name only) filaments and 'in characterization of the functional and other qualities, on which I base my selection of material for the sundry arts of m improved lamps, and in specia the selection of metal for metallizing my improved filaments. And while these improved filaments are all essentiall the same in their main make-up, small differences in modified treat- I ment constitute distinct phases in the product, all of which I pro ose to protect by separate applications, as t ey are made the su ject of demands for division.

In this application I intendprincipally to' protect the very invention, as by me (118- closed in my application No. 655,312 of October 15, 1897, namely the electrolytic method of filament-manufacture and the use of a core proved features in an electric-incandescent amp, as patented to me heretofore, such as the screw-shaped smaller end of the glassbase, the provision for differential cooling of glass walls, the widemecked lass-bulbs and the way of their necks being oined etc.

Fig. 1 illustrates in the shape of a vertical section the general make-up of my improved incandescent vacuum lamps, as they were claimed in my hereabove cited patents and pplicati'ons. That some new and pecuhar features, thus claimed, are thus shown in joint use, in the same lagrgp, that they may not be u one-without the other, 'as the requirement in special cases Figures 1 to 4 I does not mean,

may call for. The peculiar features thus illustrated consist in the width of the neck of both glass-bulbs to admit a rigid or imper fectly pliable luminant, which is. shown to consist of a core, stiff enough to support a metallic coat or cover. The nipples in both glass bulbs are intended to show, that the two bulbs may be singly, while by leaving an opening in the inner bulb anywhere both bulbs may be simultaneously exhausted. In Fig. 1, the all-glass-base is made of two arts, permitting the handling of the origina core as well as the finished luminant by means of the smaller, tubelike part of the base exclusively. Fig. 2 illustrates the use of a single bulb with a wide neck and an all-glass-base consisting of only one piece or part and the same manner, as shown in Fig. 1, to apply differential cooling to a part of the exhausted glass-bulb, as well as the screw-shaped outer end of the all-glass-base and the lateral archway leading from an inner navel of the base to its outside to make pole-connection easy. (Compare claim 11 of myPatent No. 620,640). Fig. 3. is a'section on line 56 of Fig. 2 Fig. 4. is a section on line 9-10 of Fig. 2.

The herebelow enumerated symbols designate the therewith marked parts astherewith specified, namel A, an'inner exhausted glass-bulb; B, an alKglassbase-part; C, an outer exhausted glass-part; D, an accessory tubular part of the all-glass base-part E, the luminant part of the lamp, in Fig; 1 consisting of a core and an electrolytical metalplating exclusively, in Fig. 2,'consistin of core e, a plating thereof e and a sur ace coating or platin e; a; a nipple, the result of closing the e austed bulb by closing the glass-exhaust-pipe while in a state of fusion; (1" a, points in the conical neck of glassbulbs and on the conical shoulder of the allgIass-jbase, on which the bulb-necks are made to fit intermediately or directly; 6, the conical shoulder of the wider end of the all-glass base; b 6 points or parts of the inner exhausted s ace, where on the outside. difierential coo 'ng is applied, and which are parts of the all-glass-base and so shaped that they form a convex reflecting surface towards the luminant of the lamp; b b perforations or o ilelnin'gs in the all-glass-base-part through w 'ch air canv circulate to produce the differential cooling of the arts 6 bof such base-parts as faces theex austed bulb-space, their number situate in a circle around. the base, not necessarily on a symmetric hne or level, being determined by the requirement of such not excessive cooling; d, the powdered-glass-seal hermetically sealing the. in and-out-leading wires hermetically at the points, where they pass from an exhausted space to a non-exhausted space or vice-versa; d, the joint between B and D at the open end of D; d the same as d; d, the one of the pole-metal-caps, which fits in form closely to by refer, filed for the the smaller end of the bottle-sha ed all-glassbase-part, or vice-versa, and w "ch at d issmaller base-end with the lateral arch-way for one of the inleading wires, for making the proper electrical connection without the necessity of separate insulating material, such as plaster of paris being used, sucharchway being marked n; e, a primary core for electrolytic plating; e the electrolytic plating thereon; e, either an eventual other layer of lating or the oxygenation of the surface-p ating and f the inleading wires;

.1, an arch-Way or one of the inleading wires to reach the metal-cap, inclosing the small part of the 'all-glass-base, without coming in contact with either the other inleading wire or the other metal-cap.

The electrolytic or plating apparatus, be- .ing preferably used in the manufacture of my improved metallicfilaments, and the manner,

in which the primary filament serves therein as electrode and core in the sha e intended r -iorthe finished luminant,has Been shown y me divided out before Patent No. 621,292 was issued on the remaining part of such application on'March 14, 1899. Since then I have illustrated such ap aratus in the drawings of sundry later applications, to which I herepurpose of securing by patent that, which under ofllcial requirement had to be divided 'out of said application No. 655,312. Hence the apparatus neednot be illustrated in this case, where the alpparatus as such is not claimed, but being t e inventor of the electrolytic methodof filament-making at large, applicant 'now desires to secure patent for such method as well as for its product. 4

- I may use carbon or otherpracticallyinfusible materialor I may use metal as a core,-

mayuse a film of chemical insulation from lating first in my application N 0. 655,312 of October. 15, 1897, out of which it had to be burization of the metal on the mutual conatmospheric reaction on the surface,- such film being of any material suitable for the purpose, and may consist of a metal of but very little affinity for oxygen, such as uranium,or may consist of a metal easily forming a solid oxid, which has the peculiar uality of efficient light-emanation, such as t e rare metals and their oxids. The chemical insulation mentioned may be produced exclusively by chemical reaction under electric current between core and coating, such as-by me often described in my prior applications. Any reaction, which may take place between the core-when. made of carbon,-and the natural alloy, iridiosmme or osmiridium or other selected metal, does as there stated,- not result in autodestruction, because it amounts only to car.-

tact-face,-which in no wise interferes with the effectiveness or life of the luminant, as described.

The adjoined drawings represent in Fig. 1. a central 'verticalior longitudinal section of one of my im roved electric incandescent lamps, as manu actured inm improvedprocess or method, and of t e s ecial kind namely, in the manufacture 0 which the core first mounted by means of the inleading wires on an inverted test-tube.

selection of using the test-tube or the smaller end of the all-glass base, with its preferably selected screw-shape, as the means holding the luminant-electrode in the plating apparatus.

In Fig. 2'. my improved metallized filament lamp is shown with but one bulb, and the all-glass-base is shown. with an insulating archway or tunnel serving for passing one of inleadingwires to the encircling metal-ca and pole, withoutcoming into-contact witli the other or central metal-ca and pole and without the use of material than the g ass of the base to prospectively between the two poles.

Fig. 3. represents a section of Fig. 2 on the therein indicated horizontal line 5--6 and viewed from above, showing the air-circulation holes b b as well as'the navel-top d.

Fig. 4. represents a section of the threaded Then ,the test-tube with the core is in second plaster o paris or other base-part of Fig. 2. on the screw-pitch of the I therem indicated line 91()- showing the short archway or tunnelv hereabove mentioned and marked n.

I have shown in Fig. 1. the iridiosmme or other metal exclusive coating deposited ona su porting core. si e of the supporting core e and the metaldeposit e a third coating e consistin of another layer of metal or of anadditiona metallayer oxidized or not on its surface. 7

Moreover I desire to state again, that the In Fig. 2. I have shown a dimensions, that I am dealing with in making up the luminant for my improved electric incandescent lamp by p ating a core electrolytically with metal, are altogether extremely minute, and its component parts, elements or materials can 1n consequence not be otherwise represented, as far as their crosssections are concerned, than in exaggerated thicknesses, while in all other parts the drawings represent proportional dimensions, more or less approaching real sizes. The thickness of core and metal-plating cannot be measured by common means, though in still so minute thickness they perform by their chemical nature perform the function to them assigned with the distinct and specific contributive quality of an electrolytic plating of bein uniform, complete and interadhesive notwlthstanding its minute thickness.

- That, which I claim as my invention is:

1. Theprocess of manufacturing the filamentshaped luminant of'an electric incandescent lamp, which process consists in the following serial actions,namely: to plate electrolytically on a core and electrode a metal-alloy, which includes some of the prac-' 4 ticably infusibleand oxygenatable class of metals.

2. The process of manufacturing the fila- -mentshaped luminant of an electric incandescent lamp, which processconsists in the following serial action,-namely: to electrolytically plate and metallize a carbon core and electrode with a metal-alloy and then use the thus rnetallized core as electrode and plate electrolytically thereon a metal-alloy of less afiinity for oxygen than the metals of the alloy-core.

3. The process of manufacturing the filament-shaped luminant of an electric incandescent lamp, which process consists in the following serial factions, namely: to metallize a carbon-fillet by platin the same with a Inetal-allo being practica y infusible and having a nity for oxygen, and then using such metallized fillet as core and electrode to electrolyticall plate thereon a layer of metal alloy, having ess afiinity for oxygen than the alloy ofthe-metallized core, such as ratemetals and then oxidizing the surface of such rare-metals.

4. In electric incandescent lamp a filament-shaped luminant, which consists of a primary core-fillet, coated with electrolytic 10 primary core-fillet, plated electrolytically deposits of layers of metal-alloys, decreasing with metal-alloy. in afiinity for oxygen from the core to the suri 5. In an electric incandescent lamp a fila-" face, which surface consists of rare-metals,

5 ment-shaped luminant, which consists of a oxidized on their ex osed side.-

primary core-fillet, coated with an electro- FR NCJS M. F. CAZI'N. lytic deposit of layers of metal-alloys.

6. In an electric incandescent lamp a filament-shaped luminant, which consists of a Witnesses:

ADELE OAzlN, MINNA E. CAZIN. 

